Pneumonia in Children:Drugs for Pneumonia,Cephalosporins

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PNEUMONIAS IN CHILDREN

Cephalosporins

Related topics

Clinical Features and Causes

Diagnosis Treatment Bacterial and Viral Pneumonia Differentiation

Sequelae and Prognosis

Dr Ira Shah
M.D, DCH(Gold Medalist), FCPS, DNB

First generation cephalosporins:
They are useful against gram positive organisms and Proteus mirabilis, H influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Cephalexin: 50 mg/kg/day PO bid
Cefadur : 30-50 mg/kg/day PO bid.
Cefuroxime: 30 mg/kg/d PO bid, IV: 150-200 mg/kg/d IV divided q8h.
Cefalothin: 50 mg/kg/day PO qds / 100 mg/kg/day IV qds.

Second generation cephalosporin:
They are useful against gram positive organisms and have limited activity against gram negative organisms.

Cefaclor: 20-40 mg/kg/day PO tds.

Third generation cephalosporins:
They are broad-spectrum antibiotics having good gram-negative activity.

Cefixime: 8 mg/kg/day PO bid.
Ceftriaxone: 50-100 mg/kg/d IV/IM bd not to exceed 1 g.
Cefotaxime: 100-200 mg/kg/d IV/IM divided q6-8h.
Cefpodoxime: 10 mg/kg/d PO divided bid
Cefprozil: 30 mg/kg/d PO divided bid

Chloramphenicol: It is a bacteriostastic drug having good gram positive and gram negative coverage. It is given along with penicillin and is especially useful in patients with H. influenza infections. Dose: 100mg/kg/day IV/IM.

Septran : 21 mg/kg/day PO/IV for 21 days. Useful for PCP pneumonia.

Macrolides: They are used for treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. Also used in the treatment of atypical pneumonias due to mycoplasma, chlamydias.

Vancomycin is used in children with penicillin resistant streptococci and methicillin resistant staphylococci. Dose: 45-50 mg/kg/day IV qds

viral pneumonia:

RSV: Serious infections with this organism usually occur in infants with underlying lung disease. Aerosolized ribavirin can be given to severely affected infants.
Herpes virus: Acyclovir is available for treatment of these a href="/fordoctor/diseasesandcondition/infectious_diseases/Pneumonia.asp" style="color:#10a2e0;text-decoration:none;">pneumonias. Dose: 10 mg/kg/dose IV q8h; infuse over 1 h
Influenza A pneumonia, which is particularly severe or when it occurs in a high-risk patient, may be treated with amantadine.
Children who are toxic: Antibiotic therapy should include vancomycin (particularly in areas where penicillin resistant streptococci have been identified) and a cephalosporin.

Next : Sequelae and Prognosis

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