Organ Maturation : Neurological,Gastrointestinal,Renal Maturation

4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference

ISSN 0973 - 0958

Nutrition in Children

Immunity and Growth Articles

Nutrition for Growth and Immunity

NUTRITION IN CHILDREN

Micronutrients in Children

Role of Micronutrients in Diet of Preschooler

Micronutrient Status of Children in India

Micronutrient Supplementation and it's Effect on Children

Micronutrients Vitamin B complex

Micronutrients Vitamin C and Vitamin D

Calcium and phosphorus in diet

Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in children

Community Level Micronutrient Deficiency in Preschoolers

Micronutrients: Vitamin A, E and K

Immunity and Growth of Children

Nutrition For Healthy Growth and Immunity

Nutrition and Brain Development

Nutrition and Infections

Dietary Inadequacy in First Three Years of Life

Feeding guidelines for infants and young children in India

Prebiotics for Children

Prebiotics & Probiotics And Gut Health in Children

Prebiotics and Probiotics for Healthy Children

Role of probiotics in children

Role of prebiotics in children

Prebiotics and probiotic combinations in children

DHA in children

DHA Need and Importance During Growing Period

Malnutrition in children

Problems of Malnutrition in India among Children

Adult Onset Diseases and Malnutrition

Nutrition In Indian Urban Children

Malnutrition Among Preschoolers

Nutrition Growth Charts

Length/Height for age

Subscapular skin fold thickness

Triceps skin fold thickness

NUTRITION FOR HEALTHY GROWTH AND IMMUNITY

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Relevant Topics

Normal Pattern of Growth

Normal Nutritional Requirements

Nutrition and Immune System

Action of Specific Nutrients on Growth & Immunity

Under Nutrition

Nutritional Requirements at
Different Life Stages

ORGAN MATURATION

Major organ maturation takes place in the brain, GI system, kidneys and metabolic activity as the child grows.

Neurological maturation :-
Brain growth is maximum in the first 2 years of life with 90% of brain growth in three years and major psychomotor and mental development takes place during the same time. Brain utilizes glucose as its fuel and that is why glucose requirements are more in newborns as compared to adults. Thus appropriate timing and progression of complementary feeding is required for this process to continue uninterrupted.

Gastrointestinal maturation :-
The gut is anatomically mature by 24 weeks of gestation, though there is no net transit through large intestine. Enteral feeding is an important stimulus to gut maturation. Milk feeding especially human milk leads to both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of small intestine due to presence of peptide growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and lactoferrin in the colostrum. Early feeding also stimulates the release of gut hormones including cholecystokinin, motilin and enteroglucagon which respectively help to stimulate bile flow, intestinal transit and integration of liver metabolism with feeding. Pancreatic fat digestion is relatively immature at birth though the actions of lingual lipase and breast milk lipase helps to absorb breast milk lipids effectively. Breast feeding also prevents gut infection by providing specific secretory IgA, other immune factors such as lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase as well as promotes colonization of large bowel by lactobacilli due to prebiotic effect of non-absorbable oligosaccharides in breast milk.⁽¹⁾

Renal maturation :-
At birth both GFR and renal tubular concentrating capacity is reduced. Carbohydrates and fats do not contribute to renal solute load. High proteins form urea that may not be well excreted by kidneys. Thus proteins in diet are gradually increased as kidneys mature.

Thus, nutrition varies as per the somatic phase of growth as well as on organ maturation.

Next : Normal Nutritional Requirements

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