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ISSN 0973 - 0958
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NUTRITION IN CHILDREN
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICIENCY AND IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN (0-3 YEARS OF AGE)
Source: Pediatrics. 2010 Nov;126 (5):1040-50
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continue to be of worldwide concern. Among children in the developing world, iron is the most common single-nutrient deficiency. The prevalence of ID and IDA among children 1-3 years of age in US is 9.2% and 2.1% respectively. There is some evidence of adverse effects of both ID and IDA on cognitive and behavioral development. The overall prevalence of anemia and possibly ID and IDA in infants and toddlers has declined since the 1970s. This decline has been attributed to use of iron-fortified formulas and iron fortified foods. Recommended dietary allowance for iron for children from 1 through 3 years of age is 7 mg/day. Ideally, the iron requirements of toddlers would be met and ID/IDA would be prevented with naturally iron-rich foods rather than iron supplementation. These foods include those with heme sources of iron (ie, red meat) and non-heme sources of iron (i.e. legumes, iron-fortified cereals). There are many technical and practical barriers to a successful iron fortification program for children 1-3 years. As an alternative for these children who do not eat adequate amounts of iron containing food, iron supplements are needed.
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continue to be of worldwide concern. Among children in the developing world, iron is the most common single-nutrient deficiency. The prevalence of ID and IDA among children 1-3 years of age in US is 9.2% and 2.1% respectively. There is some evidence of adverse effects of both ID and IDA on cognitive and behavioral development. The overall prevalence of anemia and possibly ID and IDA in infants and toddlers has declined since the 1970s. This decline has been attributed to use of iron-fortified formulas and iron fortified foods. Recommended dietary allowance for iron for children from 1 through 3 years of age is 7 mg/day. Ideally, the iron requirements of toddlers would be met and ID/IDA would be prevented with naturally iron-rich foods rather than iron supplementation. These foods include those with heme sources of iron (ie, red meat) and non-heme sources of iron (i.e. legumes, iron-fortified cereals). There are many technical and practical barriers to a successful iron fortification program for children 1-3 years. As an alternative for these children who do not eat adequate amounts of iron containing food, iron supplements are needed.
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