Diarrhea Prevention : Improved Weaning Practices,foods,diet in Children

4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference

ISSN 0973 - 0958

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PREVENTION OF DIARRHEA

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Introduction

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A Gaffar Billoo, Saira Waqar Ahmed
Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan

Address for Correspondence:

Professor A Gaffar Billoo, Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan. Email : gaffar.billoo@aku.edu

IMPROVED WEANING PRACTICES

Weaning is the process by which an infant gradually becomes accustomed to an adult diet. During weaning, supplementary foods other than milk are introduced in order to meet the child's increased nutritional demands. However, beast milk remains an important part of the diet.

Weaning is a hazardous period for many infants. This is because the child may not receive food of adequate nutritional value and the food and drinks provided may be contaminated with pathogenic microbes, including those that cause diarrhea. The danger is that the child will become undernourished due to an inadequate diet and repeated episodes of diarrhea, or will succumb to dehydration caused by an acute episode of diarrhea. Unfortunately, these processes are inter-related: under-nutrition leads to frequent and more severe episodes of diarrhea and diarrhea accelerates the development of under-nutrition.

Some specific problems associated with weaning that can lead to diarrhea are:

Preparing and storing weaning foods in unhygienic way that leads to bacterial contamination and
Giving milk or other drink prepared with contaminated water or in a contaminated feeding bottle.

Mothers should be taught ways of preparing, giving, and storing weaning foods that minimize the risk of bacterial contamination. These include:

Washing her hands before preparing weaning foods and before feeding the baby.

Preparing the food in a clean place

Cooking or boiling the food well when preparing it.

If possible, preparing the food immediately before it is eaten.

Keeping food in a cool place; refrigerating it if possible. Covering food that is being kept.

Protect food from insects and animals as they carry pathogenic organisms and are potential sources of contamination of food.

Feeding the baby with a clean spoon, from a cup, or with a special feeding spoon.

Feeding bottles should never be used.

What health care providers should do?

Make the assessment of weaning diets and weaning education a routine element of well-baby programmes. This should be coordinated with the use of growth charts to identify children with growth faltering, for whom improved feeding is especially important.

Evaluate the nutritional status of children with diarrhea, by measuring mid upper arm circumference, weight for age, or weight for height: refer all children with severe undernutrition to a treatment centre where nutritional rehabilitation is possible.

For moderately undernourished children, ask about the child's weaning diet and feeding practices. Advise the mother on ways of increasing the child's intake of safely prepared, energy-rich foods. If possible, follow up the child after diarrhea stops until the weight or rate of growth has become normal⁴

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