Anemia Morphological Classification:Microcytic Hypochromic,Normocytic Normochromic

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APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH ANEMIA

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Classification and Etiology Of Anemia

Dr Bharat Agarwal
M.D, D.C.H, (BOM). D.N.B, (MNAMS)
Consultant Pediatric Hematologist and Oncologist

MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN

Microcytic hypochromic anemia:

The causes include:

Iron deficiency anemia,
Abnormal hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemia syndrome,
Anemia of chronic infection and inflammations
Sideroblastic anemias,
Lead poisoning

Following algorithm shows the approach to such a case of hypochromic-microcytic anemia:

Macrocytic anemia :

The causes include

Non-megaloblastic anemia like

Hemolytic anemia,
Liver disorder, obstructive jaundice
Post splenectomy
Bone marrow disorders like hypoplastic anemia, dyserythropoietic anemia, myelofibrosis etc.
Alcoholism
COPD.

Megaloblastic anemias like

Folate deficiency
B12 deficiency
Congenital disorders of DNA synthesis like Orotic aciduria, etc.

Normocytic, Normochromic anemia :

The causes include :

Post-hemorrhage - early stage,
Hemolytic anemia,
IDA - early stage,
Systemic diseases like endocrinal, renal and hepatic diseases
Bone marrow disorders like hypoplastic anemia, myeloinfiltration, dyserythropoiesis, myelodysplasia and masked megaloblastosis.

The following algorithm shows an approach to normocytic normochromic anemia:

normocytic normochromic anemia algorithm

Also See Frequently Asked Questions On "Anemia"
Also See Expertise Views On "Anemia"

Last created on 04-05-2002
Last updated on 01-07-2006

Next : Nutritional Anemia

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