USG AND PEDIATRIC CHEST :

• Identification of pleural effusion and to provide guidance for tapping
• Evaluation of diaphragmatic motion to assess diaphragmatic paralysis
• Differentiate between cystic/solid intrathoracic mass.
• Evaluation of diaphragmatic hernia
• Diagnosis of pericardial effusion
• Differentiate chest wall mass from pleural effusion
• Guidance of needle aspiration biopsy of masses or fluid collection
• Characterisation of mediastinal masses
• Detection of extension of neck masses into the chest

• Hemangioendothelioma
• Hemangiomas
• Lymphangiomas/cystic hygromas
• Salivary gland tumours - pleomorphic adenomas of parotid gland
• Mucoepidermoid carcinomas
• Undifferentiated sarcoma
• Neurofibromas
• Neuroblastomas
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Lymphoma
• Teratoma
• Brachial cleft cysts/sinuses
• Encephalocele/ cervical meningocele
• Doppler imaging useful in identifying erratic carotid artery, pseudoaneurysm

• Inflammatory -
  
  
  Acute suppurative thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Turner's, Noonan's syndrome, Down's syndrome, treated Hodgkin's lymphoma, dilantin therapy
  
  
  
• Neoplasms -
  
  • Adenoma
  • Papillary carcinoma
  • Follicular carcinoma - rare
  • Medullary carcinoma - rare
  • Multinodular goitre
  • Multiple thyroid cyst - McCune Albright syndrome
  
  
• Congenital lesions -
  
  • Thyroglossal cyst
  • Congenital goitre
  • Congenital cyst - very rare
  • Thymic cyst