CDC Recommendations For Swine Influenza Preventive Measures Treatment

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CURRENT H1N1 INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC- RECENT UPDATE

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Influenza Virus

Swine Flu and Swine Influenza-A Pandemic

Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Bhushan Katira
Medical Sciences Department, Pediatric Oncall. Mumbai

Address for Correspondence: Bhushan Katira, 171/11, Basant Vihar Chs, R. B. Mehta Rd., Ghatkopar (E), Mumbai - 400077. Email: drbhushankatira@gmail.com

Continued...

Treatment:

	g.	Pregnant women: Oseltamivir and zanamivir are "Pregnancy Category C" medications, indicating that no clinical studies have been conducted to assess the safety of these medications in pregnant women. Because of the unknown effects of influenza antiviral drugs on pregnant women and their fetuses, oseltamivir or zanamivir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the embryo or fetus.
	h.	Preventive measures for health care personnel: The CDC has issued interim recommendations for controlling the spread of swine influenza in health care settings [14]. Recommended measures for care of patients with suspected or confirmed swine influenza include the following: Place patients in a single-patient room with the door kept closed. An airborne-infection isolation room with negative-pressure air handling can be used, if available. Air can be exhausted directly outside or can be recirculated after filtration by a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. Suctioning, bronchoscopy, or intubation should be performed in a procedure room with negative-pressure air handling. Patients should wear a surgical mask when outside their room. Encourage patients to wash their hands frequently and to follow respiratory hygiene practices. Cups and other utensils used by the ill person should be washed with soap and water before use by other persons. Routine cleaning and disinfection strategies used during influenza seasons can be applied. Standard, droplet, and contact precautions should be used for all patient care activities and maintained for 7 days after illness onset or until symptoms have resolved. Health care personnel should wash their hands with soap and water or use hand sanitizer immediately after removing gloves and other equipment and after any contact with respiratory secretions. Personnel providing care to or collecting clinical specimens from patients should wear disposable nonsterile gloves, gowns, and eye protection (e.g., goggles) to prevent conjunctival exposure. As per previous recommendations regarding mask and respirator use during influenza pandemics, personnel engaged in aerosol-generating activities (e.g., collection of clinical specimens, endotracheal intubation, nebulizer treatment, bronchoscopy) and/or resuscitation involving emergency intubation or cardiac pulmonary resuscitation should wear a fit-tested disposable N95 respirator. Pending clarification of transmission patterns for the 2009 swine influenza A (H1N1) virus, personnel providing direct patient care for suspected or confirmed cases should wear a fit-tested disposable N95 respirator when entering the patient's room.

Also See Article On "SWINE INFLUENZA - CURRENT EPIDEMIC" For More Information

References:

1.	Wright P. Influenza Viruses in Kliegman RM, Berhman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF.: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th edn, Elsevier - Saunders, 2007, pg 1384 - 1386.
2.	Brady MT. Viral Respiratory Infections in Rudolph CD, Rudolph AM, Hostetter MK, Lister G, Siegel NJ. : Rudolph's Pediatrics, 21st edn, 2003, pg 1064 - 1075.
3.	Bronze SM. Swine Influenza A (H1N1) virus, e-medicine infectious disease. Available at http://e-medicine.medscape.com/article/1673658. Accessed May 3, 2009.
4.	World Health Organization. Influenza-like illness in the United States and Mexico. WHO Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response. Available at http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_04_24/en/index.html. Accessed May 3, 2009.
5.	World Health Organization. Influenza A (H1N1) - update 12. Available at www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html. Accessed May 3, 2009.
6.	CDC. Swine Influenza (Flu). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/index.htm. Accessed May 3, 2009.
7.	Aide Memoire. WHO pandemic phases descriptions and main actions by phase. Available at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/GIPA3AideMemoire.pdf. Accessed May 3, 2009.
8.	WHO: Epidemic and Pandemic alert and response. Available at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic/en/index.html. Accessed May 3, 2009.
9.	Leblebicioglu H, Brook I. Influenza. Emedicine>Pediatrics>Infectious diseases. Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/972269. Accessed May 3, 2009.
10.	Taubenberger JK, Morens DM. 1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis. Jan 2006;12(1):15-22.
11.	CDC. Interim Guidance for Clinicians on the Prevention and Treatment of Swine-Origin Influenza Virus Infection in Young Children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/childrentreatment.htm. Accessed May 3, 2009.
12.	CDC. Interim Guidance on Case Definitions to be Used For Investigations of Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Cases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/childrentreatment.htm. Accessed May 3, 2009.
13.	CDC. Guidance for Clinicians & Public Health Professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/guidance/. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/guidance/. Accessed May 3, 2009.
14.	CDC. Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/guidelines_infection_control.htm. Accessed May 3, 2009.

Last updated 3^rd May 2009. Volume 6 Issue 5 Art # 27

How to cite this url

Katira B. Current H1N1 Influenza Epidemic - Recent Update. Pediatric Oncall [serial online] 2009 [cited 2009 May 3]; 6 Art # 27. Available from:

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