4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference
 
 
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Asthma in Children
ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Dr C.T.Deshmukh
Professor of Pediatrics, K.E.M Hospital
Asthma Pathophysiology
Asthma Pathophysiology
Asthma Pathophysiology
Continued...
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Precipitating Factors:                                                                      
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Allergens - food, animal, mold, spores, pollens, insects, infective agents and drugs.
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Irritants - paint odors, sprays, perfumes, chemicals, smoke, cold air, cold water and cough.
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Weather changes
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Infection - viral, fungal (aspergillosis), bacterial (B. Pertussis), and parasitic (Toxocara, ascariasis) PERTUSSIS
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Exercise (70 % of all asthmatics)
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Emotional factors
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Gastro-eosophageal reflux - (Nocturnal Symptoms)
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Endocrine - menstrual cycles, oral contraceptive pills and hyperthyroidism.
Precipitating Factors for Asthma Pathophysiology
Sinusitis (Nocturnal symptoms)
Steps at Cellular level
IgE antibodies are synthesized by plasma cells, which are present on surface of respiratory tract.
Steps at Cellular level
These IgE antibodies become reversibly fixed to surface receptors of mast cells & basophils (sensitized)
Steps at Cellular level
Antigen attaches to the specific IgE on sensitized mast cells resulting in activation of mast cells and a cascade of biochemical reactions.
Steps at Cellular level
This results in degranulation and release of preformed mediators (early phase mediators - histamine, ECF, NCF, heparin, PAF) within 30 minutes.
Steps at Cellular level
Arachidonic acid is formed through activation of phospholipase.
Steps at Cellular level
From arachidonic acid Leukotrienes are formed via the lipo-oxygenase pathway and prostaglandins via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway.
Steps at Cellular level
These late phase mediators are responsible for late reaction, which develops 6 - 8 hrs after exposure to allergen. (leukotrienes, C4, D4, E4 ,collectively called Slow releasing substance of anaphylaxis previously)

Asthma in Children
Asthma in Children
 
 
Educational Section
 
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