Insulin Therapy for Patient Information - Physiological Functions,Indications

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INSULIN THERAPY FOR PATIENTS INFORMATION

Related topics

Introduction

Insulin Sources and Types of Insulin

Classification of Insulin

Administration, Storage and Initiation of Insulin

Insulin Delivery

Insulin Therapy Regimes and Insulin Therapy for Type 1,2 Diabetes

Sites of Insulin Injection,Complications and Caution of Insulin Therapy

Dr. Dhruv K. Singh,
M.B.B.S., F.C.G.P.
Diabetologist
Diabetes Endocrine Nutrition Management and Research Centre (DENMARC)

Dr. H. B. Chandalia,
M.D., F.A.C.P.
Director
Diabetes Endocrine Nutrition Management and Research Centre (DENMARC)
Endocrinologist and Diabetologist,
Jaslok Hospital, Breach Candy Hospital and Lilavati Hospital

Physiological Functions of Insulin

Stimulates entry of glucose into cells
for utilization as energy source.

Stimulates entry of amino acids into
cells, enhancing protein synthesis

Enhances fat storage and prevents mobilization of fat for energy (lipolysis)

Promotes storage of glucose as glycogen in muscle and liver cells (glycogenesis)

Inhibits formation of glucose from non carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis)

Indications for Insulin Therapy

Absolute

All individuals with Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes not adequately controlled by other forms of therapy (drugs, diet and exercise)

Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus

Intermittent

Gestational diabetes

Inpiduals with Type 2 diabetes during periods of physiological stress (major surgery, infection)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

Diabetics with tuberculosis often do better with insulin.

Secondary diabetes (pancreatitis, corticosteroids)

Physiological Secretion and Functions of Insulin

The body's homeostatic system maintains a uniform blood glucose level between meal times and fasting periods. Basal insulin secretion maintains a balance against high blood sugar during the resting state.

Next : Insulin Sources and Types of Types of Insulin

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