4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference
 
 
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Congenital Heart Disease : An Overview
Congenital Heart Disease : An Overview
Congenital Heart Disease : An Overview
Congenital Heart Disease : An Overview
Congenital Heart Disease : An Overview
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Congenital Heart Disease : An Overview
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE-AN OVERVIEW
Dr N.C.Joshi
Consultant Pediatrician,
Consultant at Nanavati Hospital,
Ex Dean:-B.J.Wadia Children's Hospital.


Continue....

L-R SHUNT LESIONS

  • VSD

  • Types:

    • Supracristal

    • Membranous

    • Posterior

    • Muscular

Anatomical locations of various ventricular septal defects, viewed with the right ventricular free wall removed.

  • perimembranous inlet (" AV canal - type") VSD

  • Perimembranous trabecular (typical membranous) VSD

  • Perimembranous infundibular ("tetralogy-type") VSD

  • Inlet muscular VSD

  • Trabecular muscular VSD

  • Infundibular (or outlet) muscular VSD

  • Subarterial infundibular ("supracristal") VSD

Black area represents the membranous ventricular septum


    Clinical manifestations:

    • Small VSD: asymptomatic - spontaneous closure occurs in 40-50% by 3 years of age

    • Large VSD: CHF at 2-3 months of age. Diastolic rumble is usually heard.

    Physical Examination :

    • Poor weight gain

    • Systolic thrill with holosystolic murmur at LLSB

    • Diastolic murmur with large shunts and loud P2 with pulmonary hypertension

Cardiac findings of a small VSD.

A regurgitant systolic murmur is best audible at the LLSB; it may be holosystolic or less than holosystolic. Occasionally, the heart murmur is in early systole. A systolic thrill (Dots) may be palpable at the LLSB. The S2 splits normally and the P2 is of normal intensity.



    EKG :

    • Normal in small VSD

    • LAE - LVH in moderate VSD

    • LAE- BVH in large VSD

    • RVH in Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD)

    Chest x-ray :

    • Heart size- enlarged

    • PV- increased

Cardiac findings of a large VSD.

A classic holosystolic regurgitant murmur is audible at the LLSB. A systolic thrill is also palpable at the same area (dots). There is usually a middiastolic rumble (due to relative mitral stenosis) at the apex. The S2 is narrowly split and the P2 is accentuated in intensity. Occasionally an ejection click (EC) may be audible in the ULSB when associated with pulmonary hypertension. The heart murmurs shown without solid borders are those murmurs that are transmitted from other areas and are not characteristic of the defect. Abnormal sounds are shown in black.

    Treatment :

    • Medical

    • Surgical

      • Pulmonary artery banding (done when associated with other defects)

      • Direct closure for L-R shunts > 2:1 (At 2-4 years of age)

      • It is indicated at any age if

        • CHF not responding to medication

        • Increasing of PVR

 
 
 
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