Mechanical Ventilation Strategies,Assisted Spontaneous Breathing CPAP

4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference

ISSN 0973 - 0958

Pediatric Emergencies

Mechanical Ventilation

Pediatric Emergencies in Children

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Scorpion Sting

Vascular Access in Pediatrics

Mechanical Ventilation Practical Guidelines

Management Of Septic Shock

Pediatric Emergencies Cases And Diagnosis

Paediatric Resuscitation Update

Clinical Tools

Clinical Vignettes

Diseases & Conditions

Drugs Interaction Calculator

Podcasts

Patient Management Online

Diagnostic Dilemma

Question of the Day

Diagnostic Aid

VACCINE REMINDER

"Get the Vaccine Schedule for your child."

Ask Queries

SPECIALIST ANSWERS

FIND DIAGNOSIS

Today's Poll

Should teicoplannin, colistin be used in case of neonatal sepsis where culture does not reveal any organism_?

No, it should be used only after drug sensitivity report

Yes, under guidance of an infectious disease expert

Vote

Results

PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Ventilation Strategies

Related topics

Summary and Introduction

Objectives Of Mechanical Ventilation

Indications For Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilatory Support

Special Modes Of Ventilation

Giuseppe A. Marraro, MD
Director
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Fatebenefratelli and Ophthalmiatric Hospital
Milano Italy

Correspondence:
Corso Porta Nuova 23 - I 20121, Milano, Italy. E-Mail gmarraro@picu.it

VENTILATION STRATEGIES:

Mechanical ventilation can be applied both invasively or non-invasively in the following ways:

Assisted spontaneous breathing: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Supported spontaneous breathing: Pressure or volume support in spontaneous breathing: Pressure Support Ventilation and Volume Support Ventilation
Mixed respiratory support: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation and Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Controlled mechanical ventilation: Pressure controlled Ventilation, Volume Controlled Ventilation, Pressure Regulated Volume Controlled Ventilation, High Frequency Ventilation

1. ASSISTED SPONTANEOUS BREATHING
1.1 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): CPAP is a mode of ventilation, which enables the elevation of end-expiratory pressure to levels above atmospheric pressure to increase total lung volume, and functional residual capacity, thus favoring improved oxygenation (Figure 6) (14-19).

Figure 6 - Tracheo-bronchial distention due to PEEP application leads to a progressive recruitment of alveoli. On the left, 2 PEEP; on the right, 10 cm H2O PEEP.

Figure 6 - Tracheo-bronchial distention due to PEEP application

This method presents several advantages because of:

increased lung volume and FRC and improve in ventilation/perfusion ratio
preventing and resolving atelectasis
reduced work of breathing and prevention of muscle fatigue
Reduced sternum and chest deformities and normalization of respiratory frequency

CPAP is indicated in:

recurrent apnea, not from CNS origin, connected with exhaustion and muscle fatigue
Moderate Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome of premature baby (RDS), transient tachypnea, pulmonary edema and not severe pneumonia and bronchopneumonia
Weaning from the ventilators and when reduction of intubation is desired.

CPAP is not advisable in:

high risk patients
apnea prolonged over 20 sec or recurrent, complicated by bradycardia
insufficient spontaneous breathing from different origins
severe respiratory effort to maintain ventilation
hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 50 mm Hg).

Next : Ventilation Strategies continued...

Mail To Your Friend

Print This Article

Diseases & Conditions

Pediatric Oncall Journal

Pediatric Conferences

Ped Tools

Adverse Drug Reactions

Head circuferences Calculator

Mid parental height Calculator

Body surface area Calculator

BMR Calculator

Temperature Calculator

Pediatric oncall book store

Partner Sites

Infection in Children

Pedcall

Medical ADRIS

Vaccine Reminder

Pediatric Oncall Journal

Educational Section

Disclaimer:

The information given by www.pediatriconcall.com is provided by medical and paramedical & Health providers voluntarily for display & is meant only for informational purpose. The site does not guarantee the accuracy or authenticity of the information. Use of any information is solely at the user's own risk. The appearance of advertisement or product information in the various section in the website does not constitute an endorsement or approval by Pediatric Oncall of the quality or value of the said product or of claims made by its manufacturer.

Sitemap For Doctor

Sitemap For Parent

Sitemap For Kids