DOPPLER EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN:

• Evaluation of the splanchnic venous system in the child with portal hypertension
  
  
• Assessment of the renal circulation in trauma and disease affecting the main renal arteries, veins or small intra renal vessels.
  
  
• Determination of patency of vessels (aorta and inferior vena cava), especially following surgery or in the presence of tumours
  (e.g. Wilm's)
  
  
• Evaluation of acute scrotal disease (torsion v/s epididymo-orchitis)
  
  
• Assessment of vascularity and rejection of transplant organs (kidney, liver)
  
  
• Identification of unknown structure (tortuous portal vein versus dilated bile duct, dilated vein versus dilated ureter or lymphatic channel)
  
  
• Identifying refluxing or obstructed ureter by the abnormal urine jet it emits into the bladder.
  
  
• Distinguishing obstructive hydronephrosis from other causes of urinary tract dilatation by assessing intra-renal arterial resistance
  
  
• Defining malignant nature of a mass by its abnormal vascularisation
  
  

• To study the posterior segment in case of congenital cataract, corneal opacity
  
  
• Evaluation of Vitreo-retinal disorders
  
  
• Identification & localisation of intraocular foreign body
  
  
• Diagnosis & follow up of ocular tumours - retinoblastoma, metastasis (neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, lymphoma), optic nerve glioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, dermoid cyst
  
  
• Infections - cellulitis, orbital abscess, cysticercosis, hydatid cyst
  
  
• Colour Doppler flow imaging
  
• Evaluation of ocular tumours
• Study of vascular disorders of the orbit-central retinal artery or vein occlusion, carotico-cavernous fistulae
  
  
• Orbital trauma