USG AND PEDIATRIC ABDOMEN :

• Other abdominal masses -
  
  
  Cystic masses -
  
  • Mesenchymal & omental cyst
  • Cystic teratoma
  • Duplication cyst
  • Ovarian cyst
  • Hydrometrocolpos
  • Pancreatic pseudocyst
  
  
  
  Solid masses -
  
  
  • Lymphoma
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma
  • Lymphadenopathy
          Infections - Tuberculosis, HIV
          Neoplastic - Lymphoma, Leukemia
  • Appendicular abscess
  • Undescended testis
  • Splenic lesions - lymphoma, Gaucher's disease, abscess, cyst, hydatid, infection (malaria, typhoid).

• Appendicitis - commonest cause
• Intussusception - diagnosis & treatment (hydrostatic reduction)
• Pyelonephritis
• Cystitis
• Pancreatitis
• Cholecystitis
• Gastroenteritis
• Mesenteric adenitis very limited role
• Meckel's diverticulum
• Renal calculi
• Intestinal obstruction

• Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
• Duodenal obstruction - Malrotation & volvulus - Colour Doppler studies aid in the diagnosis by demonstrating SMV anterior or to the left of SMA
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Duodenal atresia

• Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis
• Grading severity of parenchymal disease
• NEPHROCALCINOSIS - cortical | medullary
          - Medullary (common causes) - Medullary sponge kidney, renal           tubular acidosis, hyperparathyroidism, hypervitaminosis D,           hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, milk alkali syndrome, hyperoxaluria
          - Cortical - Glomerular nephritis