Urographic studies for urinary tract :- They are performed with intravenous injection of water-soluble contrast media containing iodine. Different protocols are used for different procedures. Though Ultrasonography has decreased the utility of IVP (Intravenous Pyelography); MCU (Micturating Cystourethrogram) is still commonly used for detecting PU valves (Posterior urethral valves).

Newer, low osmotic, non-ionic contrast media are less painful than the older hyperosmolar ionic contrast medium. All contrast media are safe up to dose of 300 mg/ml of iodine concentration.

Ideally, all examinations that require intravenous contrast demand an empty stomach, yet a hungry, dehydrated child is unhappy & uncooperative. Thus it is recommended that the examination is performed immediately before the next scheduled feed (in babies, it is usually 2- 3 hours after last light feed). This means that child undergoing IVP at 9:00 a.m. should have light breakfast at 6:30 a.m.