A 6½ years old HIV infected girl on ART for 1½ years presented with fever, vomiting and pain in abdomen for 2 months. CT abdomen showed extensive mesenteric and periaortic lymphadenopathy suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). She underwent an abdominal lump biopsy and pus smear showed presence of 5 acid fast bacilli (AFB). However her TB culture after 6 weeks showed no AFB. Why did the TB culture not grow AFB?

A 4 years old girl presented with recurrent watery diarrhea for the past 6 months and edema for past 15 days. Her diet is only on dal and rice with calorie intake of 400kcal, day and proteins of 7gm, day. She had history of pica. On examination, her weight was 8.5kgs Her hair was depigmented and easily pluckable. She had generalized lymphadenopathy, pallor, angular cheilitis and beading of the ribs was present. Tongue was bald. She had conjunctival xerosis. On systemic examination, she was apathetic and had hepatomegaly. Her stool examination showed ova of hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, ascariasis and cysts of E. histolytica.

What nutritional deficiencies does this child have? How should this child be managed? How should this child undergo nutritional rehabilitation? What problems will she have as she grows older?

A 10 months old boy presented with cough for 7 days, fever for 3 days and breathlessness for 2 days. Chest examination revealed decreased air entry bilaterally with bilateral wheeze. Chest X-Ray = perihilar infiltrates with bilateral hyperinflation. A throat swab was sent for testing for influenza A and B antigen assay which was positive for influenza A. What are the complications of influenza? Should this child be treated with antivirals?

Ira Shah
Coma: Read about causes of coma, it's treatment, chances of improvement.

Ira Shah
Guillain Barre Syndrome Read about What is Guillian Barre Syndrome, why does it occur, it's symptoms, diagnosis, treatment.

These are questions asked by our viewers to the experts on the panel of Pediatric Oncall.

• Formula to calculate Body surface Area?
• How to give symptomatic relief of Cough in Pertussis?
  
  
  

K Jagdish Kumar, Prasad NA, Manjunath VG, Perumal Sathya S, Inderjit Suresh

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