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PAIN MANAGEMENT
IN CHILDREN
Continued...
Alternative methods of management of pain:
ACUPUNCTURE : Ancient Chinese medical technique involving stimulation of specific skin location by a variety of methods. Example: Needle insertion at acupuncture point.
Art therapy: Use of creative arts to modify pain and mood. Example: having children use arts and
craft as a means to express feelings/concerns about their pain and its treatment.
Behavioral management: Use of operant and classical conditioning methods to manage pain related disability. Examples: Rewarding a child's efforts to increase activities and comply with treatments; desensitizing a child to aversive aspects of medical treatment.
Breathing: Modulation of breathing to increase sensation of relaxation and exercises to distract the child from pain. Example: Deep breaths, "blowing away pain".
Biofeedback: Provision of auditory and/or visual feedback related changes in involuntary bodily responses to assist with the modification of these responses. Examples: Heart rate, galvanic skin response (GSR), hand temperature, and electromyography (EMG).
Cold therapy: Use of cold to provide local analgesia, typically for acute pain. Examples: Ice massage, vapocoolant sprays, cold packs.
Cognitive therapy: Modification of cognitions that exacerbate pain and mood. Examples: Reducing negative, "catastrophizing cognitions", increasing the child's positive self- statements about his/her abilities to cope.
Distractions: Use of any variety of methods that absorb the child's attention methods to reduce the child's focus on pain and pain treatment. Examples: bubble blowing, singing, videogames, party blowers, pinwheels.
Education: Providing age appropriate information to children about their pain, and the methods used to treat pain. Example: Explaining to a school age child that they can rub the injection site "close to the pain gate" before and after the shot.
Exercise: Prescribed activities to increase the child's functional capacities and reverse any pain related deconditioning. Examples: stretching, strengthening, flexibility, aerobic and range of motion exercises.
Heat Therapy: Use of heat to relieve muscle spasm, joint stiffness and increase local metabolism. Example: Hot packs, hydrotherapy, ultrasound.
Behavioral management: Use of operant and classical conditioning methods to manage pain related disability. Examples: Rewarding a child's efforts to increase activities and comply with treatments; desensitizing a child to aversive aspects of medical treatment.
Breathing: Modulation of breathing to increase sensation of relaxation and exercises to distract the child from pain. Example: Deep breaths, "blowing away pain".
Biofeedback: Provision of auditory and/or visual feedback related changes in involuntary bodily responses to assist with the modification of these responses. Examples: Heart rate, galvanic skin response (GSR), hand temperature, and electromyography (EMG).
Cold therapy: Use of cold to provide local analgesia, typically for acute pain. Examples: Ice massage, vapocoolant sprays, cold packs.
Cognitive therapy: Modification of cognitions that exacerbate pain and mood. Examples: Reducing negative, "catastrophizing cognitions", increasing the child's positive self- statements about his/her abilities to cope.
Distractions: Use of any variety of methods that absorb the child's attention methods to reduce the child's focus on pain and pain treatment. Examples: bubble blowing, singing, videogames, party blowers, pinwheels.
Education: Providing age appropriate information to children about their pain, and the methods used to treat pain. Example: Explaining to a school age child that they can rub the injection site "close to the pain gate" before and after the shot.
Exercise: Prescribed activities to increase the child's functional capacities and reverse any pain related deconditioning. Examples: stretching, strengthening, flexibility, aerobic and range of motion exercises.
Heat Therapy: Use of heat to relieve muscle spasm, joint stiffness and increase local metabolism. Example: Hot packs, hydrotherapy, ultrasound.
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