In brief:Most stones contain	calcium oxalate (60%)
	Calcium phosphate (9%)
	Or a combination of both (11%)
Less common stones are composed of
	Uric acid
	Cystine stones
	Struvite stones (also known as infectious stones)
	Xanthine stones (rare*)

MODIFICATION OF DIET IN URINARY CALCULI

Calcium oxalate stones:

1. Fluid intake:
   It should be increased to 3000ml/ day or more depending on the tolerance of the patient, since it helps to dilute urine to produce less concentration of the constituents of the stone. Liquids that could be consumed are fruit juices, barley water, coconut water, limejuice etc.
2. Diet:

1. Avoid a high protein diet.
2. Calcium restriction: This may be restricted along with oxalate. Generally foods rich in calcium are rich in phosphorus with the exception of meat which contains less calcium but is very rich in phosphorus (table 1.1 & 1.2).
3. Oxalate restriction: All foods that contain large amounts of oxalates should be avoided if the stone is a calcium- oxalate stone (table 1.3).
4. Avoid taking vitamin, mineral supplements.
5. Avoid too much vitamin C and calcium containing antacids.
6. Avoid vegetables and fruits containing seeds such as tomatoes, lady’s finger, brinjal, capsicum, watermelon, guava etc.

Uric acid stones:

1. Avoid purine rich foods.(Table 1.4)
2. Increase fluid intake.
3. Decrease animal protein.

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Last updated on 25-03-2003