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Developmental Problems in children
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LEARNING DISABILITIES IN CHILDREN
Continued...
Q. What are the various types of learning disabilities?
A. Learning disabilities can show up in several ways as specific difficulties with spoken and written language, co-ordination, self-control or attention. They are divided into 3 broad categories:
(1). DEVELOPMENTAL SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS
Q. What are the various types of learning disabilities?
A. Learning disabilities can show up in several ways as specific difficulties with spoken and written language, co-ordination, self-control or attention. They are divided into 3 broad categories:
(1). DEVELOPMENTAL SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS
These people have difficulty producing speech sounds, (Developmental Articulation Disorders) whereby they may have trouble controlling their rate of speech or may lag behind in learning to make speech sounds for e.g. "Sweep" may be pronounced as "Thweep". These articulation disorders are common and is seen in at least 10 percent of children younger than 8 years. Most of the children however outgrow their problems or are successfully treated with speech therapy.
Some children may have problems expressing themselves in speech (Developmental Expressive Language Disorders). They may call objects by wrong names or are unable to answer simple questions.
Some people may have trouble understanding certain aspects of speech (Developmental Receptive Language Disorders). They may not respond to their names or are unable to follow simple directions. Their hearing is normal but they just can't make sense of certain sounds, words or sentences that they hear and may even appear inattentive. These people may also have trouble in expressing themselves.
(2). ACADEMIC SKILLS DISORDERS
These children have difficulty in reading, writing or arithmetic. These are the most common learning disabilities seen. It consists of
Dyslexia (Developmental Reading Disorder): - A person with dyslexia has trouble in any of the tasks involving reading. A significant number of people with dyslexia are unable to distinguish or separate the sounds in a spoken word for e.g. they may be unable to identify the word "Cat" if you spell out the individual letters "c-a-t." They may also reverse letters, words and numbers. They may confuse the order of letters in words or may not recognize words previously learned. They may also spell a word in several different ways without recognizing the correct version. They may not hear fine differences in words i.e. write "tin" for "ten" and may even confuse between right and left. An older child with dyslexia may have trouble remembering what has recently been read, have difficulty concentrating while reading or writing and may also have poor spelling.
Developmental Writing Disorder:
- Writing involves several areas of the brain (areas involved
with vocabulary, grammar, hand movement and memory). Hence,
a developmental writing disorder may develop in a person who
has problems in any of these areas.
Dyscalculia
(Developmental Arithmetic Disorder):
- It is a mathematical disorder in which a person has a difficult
time solving arithmetic problems and in grasping math concepts.
3). OTHER DISORDERS : (includes coordination, motor skill disorders and other specific developmental disorders). Here a person may have difficulty in doing coordinative actions, difficulty to form letters or write within a defined space (dysgraphia)
Some
children with learning disorders (almost 20% ) have difficulty
to focus their attention. Some children and adults may have
attention disorder, where they may daydream excessively and
tend to get distracted easily. Other children (especially boys)
with attention deficit disorder may have hyperactivity. They
act impulsively, are fidgety, and always losing things. These
hyperactive children can’t sit still, can’t wait for
their turn and interrupt the classroom. However, by adolescence,
this physical hyperactivity usually subsides into restlessness
and fidgeting.
Some children may have problems expressing themselves in speech (Developmental Expressive Language Disorders). They may call objects by wrong names or are unable to answer simple questions.
Some people may have trouble understanding certain aspects of speech (Developmental Receptive Language Disorders). They may not respond to their names or are unable to follow simple directions. Their hearing is normal but they just can't make sense of certain sounds, words or sentences that they hear and may even appear inattentive. These people may also have trouble in expressing themselves.
(2). ACADEMIC SKILLS DISORDERS
These children have difficulty in reading, writing or arithmetic. These are the most common learning disabilities seen. It consists of
Dyslexia (Developmental Reading Disorder): - A person with dyslexia has trouble in any of the tasks involving reading. A significant number of people with dyslexia are unable to distinguish or separate the sounds in a spoken word for e.g. they may be unable to identify the word "Cat" if you spell out the individual letters "c-a-t." They may also reverse letters, words and numbers. They may confuse the order of letters in words or may not recognize words previously learned. They may also spell a word in several different ways without recognizing the correct version. They may not hear fine differences in words i.e. write "tin" for "ten" and may even confuse between right and left. An older child with dyslexia may have trouble remembering what has recently been read, have difficulty concentrating while reading or writing and may also have poor spelling.
Developmental Writing Disorder:
- Writing involves several areas of the brain (areas involved
with vocabulary, grammar, hand movement and memory). Hence,
a developmental writing disorder may develop in a person who
has problems in any of these areas.
Dyscalculia
(Developmental Arithmetic Disorder):
- It is a mathematical disorder in which a person has a difficult
time solving arithmetic problems and in grasping math concepts.
3). OTHER DISORDERS : (includes coordination, motor skill disorders and other specific developmental disorders). Here a person may have difficulty in doing coordinative actions, difficulty to form letters or write within a defined space (dysgraphia)
Some
children with learning disorders (almost 20% ) have difficulty
to focus their attention. Some children and adults may have
attention disorder, where they may daydream excessively and
tend to get distracted easily. Other children (especially boys)
with attention deficit disorder may have hyperactivity. They
act impulsively, are fidgety, and always losing things. These
hyperactive children can’t sit still, can’t wait for
their turn and interrupt the classroom. However, by adolescence,
this physical hyperactivity usually subsides into restlessness
and fidgeting.
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