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INSULIN THERAPY
Physiological Secretion and Functions of Insulin
The body's homeostatic system maintains a uniform blood glucose level between meal times and fasting periods. Basal insulin secretion maintains a balance against high blood sugar during the resting state.

Insulin Sources
The insulins available for routine clinical use are derived from three sources beef, pork and human (recombinant).

Types of Insulin
The insulins available now are the "pure" varieties and contain negligible risks of immunogenicity. These are of four types - beef, porcine, mixed and human insulin

  • Beef insulin differs from human insulin in three amino acids, namely A8, A 10 and B 30.
  • Porcine insulin differs from human insulin in only one amino acid i.e. B30 position. Thus, porcine insulin is less immunogenic than beef insulin.
  • Mixed insulin contains a mixture of bovine and porcine insulin and it is more antigenic than single species
  • Human insulin is pure and has the same amino acid structure as that of native insulin. They are made by genetic engineering or by transformation from porcine insulin by substituting alanine with threonine in the B30 position.
Classification and Types of Insulin
In a normal person without diabetes, insulin is secreted throughout the day and thus there is a basal level and peaks of insulin secretion are seen following meals when the blood glucose rises (Fig 2).



Fig 2: Physiological Secretion of Insulin.

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Last updated on 13-12-2002

 


 
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