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Brain Malformations in Children
Neurological problems
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BRAIN MALFORMATIONS
What is pachygyria?
Normally, the gyri and sulci in brain are at typical distances. When the gyria are widened, it is called as pachyguria. Patients have stiff limbs, mental retardation and fits.
What is schizencephaly?
When there is a cleft in the brain either on one side or on both the sides, it is called as schizencephaly. Patients have mental retardation.
What is agenesis of corpus callosum?
There is a structure in the brain called as corpus callosum. Absence of corpus callosum is called as agenesis of corpus callosum. Patients may have varied presentation. Most of the patients have no symptoms whereas few may have fits (seizures) to mental retardation. Patients may have associated brain anomalies such as genetic syndromes, hydrocephalus and neuronal heterotopias.
Figure 2: Absence of corpus callosum (typical bat wing appearance)
What is porencephaly?
Presence of cysts or cavities in the brain is called as porencephaly. This may be present right from birth or may occur post trauma or surgery. Patients may have delayed development.
Figure 3: Porencephalic cyst
Normally, the gyri and sulci in brain are at typical distances. When the gyria are widened, it is called as pachyguria. Patients have stiff limbs, mental retardation and fits.
What is schizencephaly?
When there is a cleft in the brain either on one side or on both the sides, it is called as schizencephaly. Patients have mental retardation.
What is agenesis of corpus callosum?
There is a structure in the brain called as corpus callosum. Absence of corpus callosum is called as agenesis of corpus callosum. Patients may have varied presentation. Most of the patients have no symptoms whereas few may have fits (seizures) to mental retardation. Patients may have associated brain anomalies such as genetic syndromes, hydrocephalus and neuronal heterotopias.
Figure 2: Absence of corpus callosum (typical bat wing appearance)
What is porencephaly?
Presence of cysts or cavities in the brain is called as porencephaly. This may be present right from birth or may occur post trauma or surgery. Patients may have delayed development.
Figure 3: Porencephalic cyst
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