Q: What are the side effects of radiation therapy?
A: There are various side effects of radiation therapy-

- Skin damage - The skin in the treated area may be sensitive and therefore should be protected against sunlight and irritation. Sun blocking lotion containing PABA should be used to prevent burning. If the head is affected, soft hats and scarves may be worth. Body power, cornstarch, topical antibiotics or steroids may relieve itching, pain and speed healing.
- Sore throat
- Hair loss - is usually temporary with hair growth beginning about 3 months after completion of treatment.
- Nausea, vomiting & headaches - These last for about 4-5 hours and are relieved by anti-emetics.
- Diarrhea - It is usually after radiation to the abdomen or pelvic area. It usually responds to simple measures.
- Late effects - Following irradiation to the brain / CNS, some children may be drowsy. This symptom may begin at various times and may be seen as late as 5-7 weeks after therapy has been completed. It usually lasts about 5 to 10 days.
- Long term effects - Radiation therapy to the head may affect intelligence / coordination. Also, growth may be affected. There is increased possibility of developing a secondary tumor at the radiation site.

Q: What are the precautions advised to patients?
A: The following precautions are advised to the patients while on therapy:
Immunization - Live vaccines are contraindicated during chemotherapy. In most cases, routine childhood vaccination can be given 3- 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy.
Mouth care - Teeth should be brushed after each meal using soft toothbrush. To prevent the severe tooth decay that can result when saliva flow is reduced from radiation to the head and neck, fluoride mouthwash may be recommended. Infants and toddlers may be given mouth care by wrapping a soft cloth around the parent's finger and gently wiping the teeth and gums with a solution of mouth rinse. When a patient has low blood counts, mouth care should be gentle.
Bleeding - Contact sports should be avoided. To control bleeding, apply pressure with a clean cloth till bleeding stops.
Danger signs - If the child shows any of the following symptoms, the parents should immediately notify the child's physician.

- A fever or other sign of infection or just "not looking well".
- Exposure to a contagious infection especially chicken pox or measles, unless the child is immune from prior exposure.
- Persistent headaches, pain or discomfort anywhere in the body.
- Difficulty in walking or bending.
- Pain during urination or bowel movements.
- Reddened or swollen areas.
- Vomiting unless post chemo/ radiotherapy.
- Problems with eyesight such as blurred or double vision.
- Bleeding or multiple bruises.
- Marked depression or a sudden change in behavior.

Q: What are the chances a complete cure in a patient with leukemia?
A: Blood cancer stands a high chance for cure. However, the prognosis depends upon a lot of factors including the type of cancer, the age at onset, the white blood count at the time of diagnosis and the spread of the cancer.


Last updated on 24-06-2002