Head Size: - The size of the head is a good indicator of the size of the brain. The head size at birth varies from 32-35 cm and increases by 12 cm in 1 st year to reach 43-46 cm at 1 year of age. Subsequently the head size increases gradually to reach an adult size of 48-51 cm at 5 years of age. Small head size (microcephaly) can occur due to infections in Pregnancy, genetic disorders and early closure of skull sutures. Large head (macrocephaly) can occur due to water accumulation in the cavities of the brain (hydrocephalus) or due to genetic disorders.

Soft part of the head: - The soft part of the head is known as anterior fontanelle and is usually about 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm at birth. It closes by about 9-18 months of age. Delayed closure of anterior fontanelle occurs in patients with rickets (Vitamin D deficiency), hydrocephalus or genetic disorders.

Last updated on 12-2-2006