Polio Vaccine - Contraindications,Pulse Polio Immunization

4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference

ISSN 0973 - 0958

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POLIO VACCINE

Q. What are the contraindications of polio vaccine?
A. OPV is contraindicated in patients with low immunity especially if IPV is available. OPV can be given to a patient with diarrhea, but that dose should not be counted & should be followed by an extra dose. IPV is contraindicated if patient has developed severe adverse effect to its use in past.

Q. What if a child comes late for polio vaccine?
A. Paralytic poliomyelitis can occur till 15 years of age. Most of the children are immune by 5 years naturally due to subclinical infections. Hence, OPV is given to any child who presents till 5 years of age. Such a child should receive 3 primary doses followed by 1st booster 1 year after 3rd primary dose & a second booster 3 years -4 years after the 1st booster dose provided the child is still less than 5 years old then.

Q. Can polio vaccine be given along with other vaccines?
A. Both OPV /IPV can be given along with other vaccines.

Q. What is pulse polio immunization?
A. It is a strategy of mass immunization by which one can eradicate poliomyelitis. Extra doses (pulses) of OPV are given to all children below 5 years of age in an area (like country, state, city) at a time on a given day. Such pulses are repeated every year. The aim is to achieve 100% coverage.

Q.How does pulse immunization work?
A. Wild poliovirus can survive either in the intestines of a susceptible host (usually children < 5 years of age) or in the sewage water. In the sewage water it can survive only for 48 - 72 hrs & hence it has to find shelter into another susceptible host for it to survive & to continue cycle of transmission. When you give pulse OPV to all the children of < 5 years of age, the intestines of these children are flooded by vaccine virus and hence wild poliovirus cannot get entry into it. As wild poliovirus cannot survive for more than 48-72 hrs in environment, its circulation will drastically fall. When such pulse is repeated after 6 weeks it still further reduces transmission. Such pulses done every year will ultimately eradicate the wild poliovirus from nature.

Q. Do you need to give regular OPV doses when pulse OPV is taken?
A. The answer is an emphatic yes.

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