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ISSN 0973 - 0958
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NUTRITION IN CHILDREN
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN INFANCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF SLEEP STATES IN CHILDHOOD
Source: Pediatr Res. 2007; 62: 715-719
Iron deficiency is the most common preventable nutritional deficiency in the world and a major cause of anemia. It is associated with alterations in development and behavior, particularly during infancy and toddlerhood when there is rapid growth and high need for iron. This coincides with a time of rapid changes in sleep organization. Studies have also documented poorer mental, motor, and social-emotional functioning in iron deficient infants with differences observed years after iron treatment. Iron deficiency in infancy is associated with long-lasting neurofunctional effects despite iron treatment. The quality and quantity of sleep are increasingly recognized as important factors in human development, with concomitant effects on affective behavior and cognitive performance. The authors thus hypothesized that the normal development of sleep patterns might be affected in iron deficient infants. Night polysomnographic recordings were performed in 55 healthy 4-y-old children of which 27 had iron deficiency anemia in the past and 28 were controls. It was found that the total amount of waking throughout the day/night period was similar between groups. However, the duration of the daytime waking episode was longer in former iron deficient children (p < 0.03). It was found that relative to controls, children who had iron deficiency anemia in past had longer duration and more episodes of REM sleep episodes in the first third and shorter duration in the last third with shorter latency to the first REM sleep episode. The results show that early IDA is associated with long-lasting alterations in the temporal organization of sleep patterns. The authors conclude that the results might also be relevant to the increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression reported in young adolescents who had chronic, severe iron deficiency in infancy as sustained alteration in sleep organization for whatever reason may have negative consequences for development.
Iron deficiency is the most common preventable nutritional deficiency in the world and a major cause of anemia. It is associated with alterations in development and behavior, particularly during infancy and toddlerhood when there is rapid growth and high need for iron. This coincides with a time of rapid changes in sleep organization. Studies have also documented poorer mental, motor, and social-emotional functioning in iron deficient infants with differences observed years after iron treatment. Iron deficiency in infancy is associated with long-lasting neurofunctional effects despite iron treatment. The quality and quantity of sleep are increasingly recognized as important factors in human development, with concomitant effects on affective behavior and cognitive performance. The authors thus hypothesized that the normal development of sleep patterns might be affected in iron deficient infants. Night polysomnographic recordings were performed in 55 healthy 4-y-old children of which 27 had iron deficiency anemia in the past and 28 were controls. It was found that the total amount of waking throughout the day/night period was similar between groups. However, the duration of the daytime waking episode was longer in former iron deficient children (p < 0.03). It was found that relative to controls, children who had iron deficiency anemia in past had longer duration and more episodes of REM sleep episodes in the first third and shorter duration in the last third with shorter latency to the first REM sleep episode. The results show that early IDA is associated with long-lasting alterations in the temporal organization of sleep patterns. The authors conclude that the results might also be relevant to the increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression reported in young adolescents who had chronic, severe iron deficiency in infancy as sustained alteration in sleep organization for whatever reason may have negative consequences for development.
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