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NUTRITION IN CHILDREN
EFFECT OF VITAMIN A, VITAMIN A PLUS IRON AND MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT-FORTIFIED SEASONING POWER ON INFECTIOUS MORBIDITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Source: Nutrition. 2010 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print]
In developing countries, children represent a vulnerable population who may have multiple micronutrient deficiencies, especially preschool children. Micronutrient deficiencies can have adverse health consequences, such as impairments in growth, neurobehavioral dysfunctions, and defective immunity. This study was done to find out whether fortification with multiple micronutrients in a diet for preschool children results in changes in children's infectious morbidity such as diarrhea and respiratory infection, after 6 months supplementation compared with diets fortified solely with vitamin A and with vitamin A plus iron. This supplementation program was performed in the Banan District of Chongqing, China, from December 2005 to June 2006 in children with a middle-class socioeconomic status. This study used a fortified seasoning powder that was added directly to porridge, bean milk, soup, or noodles after cooking. Package I contained powder with vitamin A (500 µg as dry vitamin A acetate) supplements, package II contained vitamin A and iron (12 mg as ferric sodium edentate), and package III contained powder supplemented with vitamin A, iron, thiamine (0.7 mg as thiamine mononitrate), riboflavin (0.7 mg), folic acid (0.2 mg), niacinamide (7 mg), zinc (12 mg as zinc oxide), and calcium (800 mg as calcium carbonate). The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized trial in 282 preschool children from three different nurseries into groups I (85 children), group II (96 children) and group III (101 children), which were given fortified seasoning powder packages I, II, and III, respectively, for 6 months. 56 of 282 children dropped out during the course of the study. The groups were comparable concerning compliance and loss to follow-up. At baseline, there was no significant clinical difference in age, sex proportion, anthropometric measurements, and health status and sociodemographic variables among the intervention groups. There was evidence of a lower incidence rate of respiratory-related illnesses and fewer symptoms of runny nose, cough, and fever for children in group III compared with children in groups I and II, but not for sore throat, skin rash, and other respiratory-related symptoms, such as headache and constipation. The authors conclude that micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder served once daily in doses complying with 100% of the recommended daily allowances for 6 months could decrease the prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory infectious disease accompanying the increase of serum vitamin A and iron status in preschool children.
In developing countries, children represent a vulnerable population who may have multiple micronutrient deficiencies, especially preschool children. Micronutrient deficiencies can have adverse health consequences, such as impairments in growth, neurobehavioral dysfunctions, and defective immunity. This study was done to find out whether fortification with multiple micronutrients in a diet for preschool children results in changes in children's infectious morbidity such as diarrhea and respiratory infection, after 6 months supplementation compared with diets fortified solely with vitamin A and with vitamin A plus iron. This supplementation program was performed in the Banan District of Chongqing, China, from December 2005 to June 2006 in children with a middle-class socioeconomic status. This study used a fortified seasoning powder that was added directly to porridge, bean milk, soup, or noodles after cooking. Package I contained powder with vitamin A (500 µg as dry vitamin A acetate) supplements, package II contained vitamin A and iron (12 mg as ferric sodium edentate), and package III contained powder supplemented with vitamin A, iron, thiamine (0.7 mg as thiamine mononitrate), riboflavin (0.7 mg), folic acid (0.2 mg), niacinamide (7 mg), zinc (12 mg as zinc oxide), and calcium (800 mg as calcium carbonate). The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized trial in 282 preschool children from three different nurseries into groups I (85 children), group II (96 children) and group III (101 children), which were given fortified seasoning powder packages I, II, and III, respectively, for 6 months. 56 of 282 children dropped out during the course of the study. The groups were comparable concerning compliance and loss to follow-up. At baseline, there was no significant clinical difference in age, sex proportion, anthropometric measurements, and health status and sociodemographic variables among the intervention groups. There was evidence of a lower incidence rate of respiratory-related illnesses and fewer symptoms of runny nose, cough, and fever for children in group III compared with children in groups I and II, but not for sore throat, skin rash, and other respiratory-related symptoms, such as headache and constipation. The authors conclude that micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder served once daily in doses complying with 100% of the recommended daily allowances for 6 months could decrease the prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory infectious disease accompanying the increase of serum vitamin A and iron status in preschool children.
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