Infectious Diseases in Children

Infectious Disease

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An infectious disease is a clinically evident illness resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions.

Hiv Post Exposure Prophylaxis

2007-05-28T00:00:00.0000000-07:00

The major modes of transmission of HIV include sexual route, transfusion of infected blood and blood products, intravenous drug abuse and mother to child transmission. Another mode of transmission, though largely undocumented, is transmission of infection by needle stick or other sharp injury in a hospital or a health care setting.

Hiv Infection and Clinical Manifestations

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Various types of infections are seen in HIV patients including bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. As the HIV patient becomes immunodeficient, the infections tend to be severe, widespread, chronic, indolent, recurrent, atypical and difficult to treat and eradicate.

Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission of HIV Infection

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There are various factors on which depends the efficacy of vertical transmission. These include maternal factors, type of delivery, factors in newborn, breast feeding and the type of interventions used to decrease the rate of transmission.

Treatment of HIV Infection

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It needs a multidisciplinary approach to treat an HIV infected child. It is better to take help of person experienced in caring for and treating HIV infected children.

Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Positive Child

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Antiretrovirals are a group of drugs that are used in the treatment of HIV infected individuals to decrease the viral burden. They are potent inhibitors of viral replication.

HIV in Children - Where Do We Stand

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There have been recent developments of various HIV control programmes in India. There is extremely good amount of research and money being invested to make this disease curative and preventable.

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

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Test Available for HIV Infection Diagnosis.

Transmission of HIV Infection

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HIV infection has a spectrum of manifestations including the window period, asymptotic phase and early and late symptomatic phase.

Myths and Misconception of HIV

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Due to misconceptions about transmission and mode of inheritance by the general public and even medical staff, patients who are HIV positive are almost discriminated and treated as untouchables. This attitude is depressing, misconceptual and almost suicidal for the patients.

Malaria in Children - An Overview

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The word malaria was coined to denote intermittent fever believed to be contracted by breathing bad air from the marshes (Latin- Mal = bad, aria = air).

Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome

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It is also called as big spleen disease. Recently it has been redefined and more appropriately termed as " hyperreactive malarial syndrome" (HMS ).

Pneumonias in Children

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Pneumonia is infection of the lungs. Other lower respiratory tract infections seen in children are croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

Chickenpox

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It is a viral disease caused by first exposure to the varicella zoster virus. The disease presents with fever and blistered rash. The virus then remains latent or dormant in the body.

Varicella Zoster Virus

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Varicella zoster virus is a member of the herpesviridae family. The virus has icosahedral symmetry containing centrally located double-stranded DNA with surrounding envelope.

Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Syphilis

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It is paler, thicker & larger than normal. Histology shows focal inflammation of the villus with endovascular & perivascular proliferation & relative immaturity of the villi. Villi become enlarged & have bullous projections.

H.Influenza - B Prevention

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Haemophilus influenzae type b infection is one of the most common cause of invasive bacterial infection in < 5 yr old children.

Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease

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Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a viral illness occurring mainly in infants and children. Occasionally, young adults and adults may develop the disease.

Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Dengue Shock Syndrome

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Dengue Virus - It is member of Genus flavivirus and family flaviviridae, having single stranded RNA with 4 serotypes: DEN - 1, 2, 3, and 4. All serotypes have potential for causing epidemic and are antigenically similar but different enough to elicit cross protection for only a few months after infection by any of them.

]]>Dengue Virus - It is member of Genus flavivirus and family flaviviridae, having single stranded RNA with 4 serotypes: DEN - 1, 2, 3, and 4. All serotypes have potential for causing epidemic and are antigenically similar but different enough to elicit cross protection for only a few months after infection by any of them.

Current H1N1 Influenza Epidemic - Recent Update

2009-05-03T00:00:00.0000000-07:00

Influenza is an acute, typically febrile, respiratory illness that occurs in outbreaks of varying severity, usually during winter months and mostly affecting the patients with extremes of ages (children and old people). Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease.

Varicella Infection in Pregnancy

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The varicella zoster virus (VZV), one of the eight human herpesviruses, causes two illnesses : a primary infection, chickenpox and a recurrent infection, herpes zoster, resulting from reactivation of latent virus from dorsal sensory ganglia.

Chikungunya - Indian Perspective

2006-10-01T00:00:00.0000000-07:00

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to human by the infected mosquito bite. The name has been derived from a Makonde word meaning "that which bends up" reference to some victims' inability to walk up right.

Enteric Fever

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It is a systemic infection caused by salmonella bacillus. S. typhi causes typhoid fever and S.paratyphi A & B cause paratyphoid fever.

Otitis Media in Children

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Otitis Media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear that usually follows a buildup of fluid in the middle ear space.