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Multiple hard swellings
Sachin G Damke, Mayuri Yeole, Keerti Swarnkar, Damodar Balpande.
Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AVBR Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra.
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE
Dr Sachin G Damke, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, JNMC, AVBR Hospital, Sawangi {Meghe}, Wardha, Maharashtra 442004.
Email: buntydamke@yahoo.com
Figure 1
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What is the diagnosis?
X-ray of the right leg shows pedunculated exostoses from upper tibia going posterolateral causing disruption of superior tibiofibular joint. X- ray right forearm showed bowing of ulna and radius with the shortening of ulna resulting in lower ulna and radial dyostosis and radiocapitular subluxation. In view of clinical picture, family history and X-ray findings, a diagnosis of multiple osteochondromas was made.
Multiple osteochondromas {MO} are also called as Hereditary Multiple Exostoses {HME}. Multiple osteochondromas is characterised by development of two or more cartilage capped bony outgrowths {osteochondromas} of the long bones mostly around the knee, followed in frequency by the wrist, the proximal humerus, the proximal fibula and the ribs` with variable involvement of the scapula and the pelvis{1}. Exostoses are the result of dysplasia of peripheral aspect of growth plate and are the most common type of benign bone tumor {2}. Osteochondromas are not present at birth. They develop and increase in size in the first decade of life, ceasing to grow when the growth plates close at puberty {1}. The prevalence is estimated at 1:50,000 and it seems to be higher in males {M:F ratio of 1.5:1} {3}. MO is an autosomal dominant disorder with a penetrance of around 96 percent and is genetically heterogeneous. In almost 90 percent of MO patients, germline mutations in the tumour suppressor genes EXT1 or EXT2 are found {4}.
The majority are asymptomatic. Remodelling defects caused by disruption of normal epiphyseal growth plate of the long bones lead to limb discrepancy and angular deformities` involved bone may be relatively short especially the ulna with consequent bowing of the forearm and also hand deformity resulting from shortened metacarpals {1}. Symptoms may also arise secondary to mass effect causing compression of nerves, blood vessels and rarely spinal cord. Other complications include arthritis, bursa formation, osteomyelitis, muscle impingment and haemarthrosis. The most important complication is malignant transformation of osteochondroma, which is estimated to occur in 0.5–5 percent. Rapid growth and increasing pain, especially in a physically mature person, are signs of sarcomatous transformation {1, 3}. Management includes removal of osteochondromas when they give complaints {3,4}.
E-published: October 2011 Vol 8 Issue 10 Art No. 67 |
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Funding: None
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Conflict of Interest: None
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- Multiple Exostoses Syndrome. In: Kenneth Lyons Jones editor. Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation, 6th edition, Philadelphia, 2006: 500 –503 [PMC free article]
- Schmale GA, Conrad EU, Raskind WH. The natural history of hereditary multiple exostoses. J Bone Joint Surg. 1994; 76: 986-992 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bovée JV. Multiple osteochondromas. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008; 3: 3. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [PMC free article]
- Schmale GA, Wuyts W, Chansky HA, and Raskind WH. Hereditary multiple osteochondromas. GeneReviews. September 2008 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih/gov/books/NBK1235. Accessed March 11, 2011.
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Cite this article as:
Damke S G, Yeole M, Swarnkar K, Balpande D. Multiple hard swellings- Multiple Osteochondromas. Pediatr Oncall J. 2011;8: 113.
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