Diagnostic Dilemma

Refractory seizures


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Question
A 2½ months old girl, first born of non consanguineous marriage presented with multifocal convulsions since 20 days. There was no fever, altered sensorium, focal neurological deficits or epilepsy in family. She was treated with valproate but seizures persisted. She was born at 8½ months of gestation by elective caesarean section, had a birth weight of 2.18 kg and was kept in NICU for 10 days for meconium aspiration. She has achieved social smile and is on exclusive breast feeds. On examination, there is no abnormality detected.

Investigations done 20 days ago were:
• CSF = Normal
• CT brain = Normal
• Serum calcium = Normal
• Renal function tests = Normal

She was subsequently loaded with Phenobarbitone but seizures persisted.

What could be the cause of refractory seizures?

What could be the cause of refractory seizures?
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