Nitazoxanide
Mechanism :
The antiprotozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism. Studies have shown that the PFOR enzyme from Giardia lamblia directly reduces nitazoxanide by transfer of electrons in the absence of ferredoxin. The DNA-derived PFOR protein sequence of Cryptosporidium parvum appears to be similar to that of Giardia lamblia. Interference with the PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction may not be the only pathway by which nitazoxanide exhibits antiprotozoal activity.
Indication :
- Infections by Giardia lamblia
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- Entamoeba Histolytica
Contraindications :
Hypersensitivity; Caution in hepatic or renal impairment, diabetes, HIV or other immunodeficiency.
Dosing :
1-4 years:
100 mg PO with food every 12 hours for 3 days.
4-11 years:
200 mg PO with food every 12 hours for 3 days.
>12 years:
500 mg twice daily with food for 3 days.
Adverse Effect :
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, urine discoloration, ocular discoloration.
Interaction :
None.
Hepatic Dose :
No dose adjustments are recommended.