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Nail disorder
Mani Kant Kumar1, Punit Kumar Singh2.
1Department of Pediatrics, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar, India,
2Department of Dermatology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar, India.
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE
Dr Mani Kant Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Narayan Medical College And Hospital , VPO-Jamuhar, Sasaram, Dist- Rohtas, Bihar -821305, India.
Email: manikant7@yahoo.com
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What is the diagnosis?
Pachyonychia congenita affecting only nails.
Pachyonychia Congenita {PC} is a rare genodermatosis which is characterized by nail dystrophy, palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis, leukokeratosis of the mucous membranes, follicular keratosis, and occasional hyperhidrosis of palms and soles {1}. PC has predominantly autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance, although Haber and Rose described cases with autosomal recessive transmission {2}. The presence of thickened wedge shaped nails is the diagnostic clinical feature of Pachyonychia congenita. PC has been divided into two main subtypes, Pachyonychia congenita type 1 {PC-1, Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome} and Pachyonychia congenita type 2 {PC-2, Jackson-Lawler syndrome}, which can usually be distinguished by clinical examination. Pathogenic mutations in keratin K6a, K16 are associated with PC-1 phenotype whereas K6b and K17 mutations are associated with the PC-2 phenotype. Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome {PC-1} shows focal palmoplanter hyperkeratosis and localized foot blistering, follicular hyperkeratosis and oral leukokeratosis.
Jackson-Lawler syndrome {PC-2} shows cutaneous cyst, hair abnormalities and presence of teeth at birth but less severe nail lesion and neither oral lesion nor keratoderma {3}. Very few cases of Pachyonychia congenita only with nails involvement are reported from India {4,5}. Emoliants, keratolytic agents, topical retinoids and oral retinoic acids derivatives are used to treat palmo-planter hyperkeratosis {6}. The only effective treatment for nail lesions is surgery with radical excision of the nail, nailbed, and nail matrix, and skin implantation at the site of the removed nail {7}.
Contributors : MKK and PKS were involved in case management, review of literature and preparation of manuscript. MKK will act as guarantor.
Funding : None.
Competing interests : None stated.
REFERENCES
1. Feinstein A, Friedman J, Schewach-Millet M. Pachyonychia congenita. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988` 19: 705-711.
2. Haber RM, Rose TH. Autosomal recessive pachyonychia congenita. Arch Dermatol 1986` 122: 919-923.
3. de Berker DA, Baran R, Dawber RP. Disorder of nails. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, editors. Rook`s textbook of dermatology. 7 th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2004: p. 62.1-62.62.
4. Dogra S, Handa S, Jain R. Pachyonychia Congenita affecting only the nails. Pediatr Dermatol 2002` 19: 91-92.
5. Bansal A, SethuramanG, Sharma VK. Pachyonychia Congenita with only nail involvement. J Dermatol 2006` 33: 437-438.
6. Rohold AE, Brandrup F. Pachyonychia congenita: therapeutic and immunologic aspects. Pediatr Dermatol 1990` 7: 307-309.
7. Caproni M, Fabbri P. Pachyonychia congenita. Orphanet Encyclopedia. ww.orpha.net, data, patho, GB, uk-PachyonychiaCongenita.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2010.
E-published: September 2010 Vol 7 Issue 9 Art # 56 |