|
Beating heart outside the chest
SS Kalyanshettar, AS Navadgi, RG Naganoor, AB Talikoti.
Navajeevan Children`s Hospital, Bijapur, India.
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE
Dr Kalyanshettar SS, Navajeevan Children’s Hospital, Opposite Marathi Vidyalaya, Managuli Road, Bijapur. Karnataka.
Email: ssk_dr@yahoo.co.in
|
|
What is the diagnosis?
Pentology of Cantrell. It is a rare syndrome of congenital malformation of the left pericardium, the heart, the sternum, the diaphragm and the abdominal wall. {1} Usually it presents with exomphalos major with heart and abdominal organs within it. The condition is potentially lethal and should be managed by surgical correction of the defect. The other three defects of the pentology are disruption of all the interposing structures viz. the distal sternum, anterior diaphragm and diaphragmatic pericardium. {2} Although specific etiology is not known, an event occurring prior to differentiation of mesoderm into sternum and layers of pericardium could produce the defect. The timing of the event or insult would be between 14 to 18 days after conception. {2} The complete form may not be expressed always. Incomplete variant forms having three to four of the features have been described. The most common intracardiac defects are atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot. {3} The syndrome can be diagnosed prenatally by careful sonographic examination. As described in the present case, the prenatal diagnosis was missed as it was a level 1 scan. The condition has to be differentiated from isolated ectopia cordis, isolated abdominal wall defect and amniotic band syndrome. The condition carries poor prognosis for survival. Survival of 20 percent was reported by Toyoma et al {4} which included incomplete expressions and mild defects. Others have reported a survival report of 0 percent. {5} Few authors have reported successful repair of the condition. {6}
E-published: October 2012 Vol 9 Issue 10 Art # 67 |
| |
| Compliance with ethical standards |
|
Funding: None
|
|
|
Conflict of Interest: None
|
|
- Perloff JK: Congenital absence of the pericardium, In, The clinical recognition of congenital heart disease. 5th edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Saunders; 2003: 57
- Craigo SD, Gillieson MS, Cetrulo CL. Pentalogy of Cantrell. Available on website: http://www.sonoworld.com/fetus/page.aspx?id=57 Accessed on 07-02-2009
- Bryke CR, Breg WR: Pentology of Cantrell. From Buyse ML, Birth defects Encyclopedia. Blackwell Scientific. 1990: 1375-76.
- Toyoma WM. Combined congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium and heart: a case report and review of the syndrome. Pediatr 1972; 50:778-779
- Ghidini A, Sirtori M, Romero R, Hobbins JC: Prenatal diagnosis of Pentology of Cantrell. J Ultrasound Med 1988; 7: 567-572 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Babu PVS, Balu B, Reddy R, Sridhar R, Reddy MM. Cantrell's pentology. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 1997; 4: 141-143
|
|
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7199/ped.oncall.2012.67 |
| |
Cite this article as:
Kalyanshettar S, Navadgi A, Naganoor R, Talikoti A. Beating heart outside the chest. Pediatr Oncall J. 2012;9: 115. doi: 10.7199/ped.oncall.2012.67
|