Drug Index

Emtricitabine

Mechanism :

Emtricitabine, a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytosine, is phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to form emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate. Emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate inhibits the activity of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by competing with the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and by being incorporated into nascent viral DNA which results in chain termination.


Indication :

  • HIV infection

Contraindications :

Contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of the components of the products.


Dosing :

<3 months:
3 mg/kg orally once a day.
3 months-17 years:
6 mg/kg orally once a day. Maximum dose: 200 mg.
>34 kg:
200 mg orally once a day.

Adverse Effect :

Headache, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, depression, insomnia, rash, abnormal dreams, asthenia, abdominal pain, increased cough, rhinitis, paresthesia, neuropathy, somnolence, palmar-plantar hyperpigmentation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, hyperglycemia; increased cholesterol, amylase, triglycerides, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, hepatic enzymes.


Interaction :

Fat Redistribution: Redistribution/accumulation of body fat including central obesity, dorsocervical fat enlargement (buffalo hump), peripheral wasting, facial wasting, breast enlargement, and "cushingoid appearance" have been observed in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.
Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: During the initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment, patients whose immune system responds may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium avium infection, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.



Renal Dose :

Dose in Renal Impairment GFR (mL/min)
30-50200 mg every 48 hours
15-30200 mg every 72 hours
<15200 mg every 96 hours

Dose in Patients undergoing Renal Replacement Therapies
CAPDUnknown dialysability. Dose as in GFR<15 mL/min
HDDialysed. Dose as in GFR<15 mL/ min
HDF/High fluxDialysed. Dose as in GFR<15 mL/ min
CAV/VVHDDialysed. Dose as in GFR=15– 30 mL/min

Hepatic Dose :

Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available.
08/01/2024 22:08:54 Emtricitabine
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