Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Mechanism :
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Pneumo 23 is a capsular polysaccharide vaccine against disease caused by 23 of the most common types of S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
Indication :
- Pneumococcal invasive disease prophylaxis
- Recurrent otitis media
- Asplenia- functional
- Sickle cell disease
- Celiac disease
- Splenectomy - prior to elective splenectomy
- Chronic renal disease
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Immunodeficiency
- Immunosuppression
- AIDS/HIV Infection
- Chronic heart disease
- Cyanotic heart disease
- Juvenile diabetes mellitus
- Chronic liver disease
- Severe asthma
- Cochlear Implant
Contraindications :
Immunization with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, should be deferred in the presence of any acute illness, including febrile illness. A minor afebrile illness such as mild upper respiratory infection is not usually reason to defer immunization. Absolute Contraindications: Allergy to any component of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or an allergic or anaphylactic reaction to a previous dose of pneumococcal vaccine are contraindications to vaccination.
Immunization is contraindicated in persons who were given a pneumococcal vaccine within the previous 3 years.
Dosing :
Deep SC or IM: 0.5 ml as single dose in children more than 2 years of age. Booster doses of the plain polysaccharide vaccine are not normally recommended and should certainly not take place within 3 years of the first dose as marked local reactions can occur. As the vaccine is likely to be used in conjunction with the conjugate vaccine in children, it is not known whether boosters will be required.
Adverse Effect :
Local reactions at the injection site including pain, erythema, and induration occur. These reactions are generally mild and transient. Rarely, Arthus-like reactions have been reported. These occur mainly in persons with high pneumococcal antibody levels.
Systemic Reactions: Febrile episodes occur early after vaccination and generally resolve within 24 hours, and headache and/or general malaise may occur.
Allergic-type reactions including urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported.
Interaction :
Vaccines: It can be given simultaneously with, or 4 weeks before or after any other vaccine.
Hepatic Dose :
No dosage adjustments are recommended.