Timolol Maleate
Mechanism :
It is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. It increases the drainage of the ocular fluid from the eye, thereby lowering the intraocular pressure. It is used as ophthalmic drops in the treatment of chronic glaucoma.
Indication :
- Ocular hypertension
- Open-angle glaucoma
Contraindications :
Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or a history of asthma.
Moderate to severe heart block, heart failure, or an unusually slow heartbeat.
Shock caused by severe heart problems.
If on another beta blocker.
Dosing :
Initial dose:
Instill 1 drop (0.25% solution) in the affected eye(s) twice daily.
Maintenance dose:
If response is unsatisfactory, may change to 0.5% solution. If satisfactory response is maintained, may decrease dose to once daily.
Adverse Effect :
Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or a history of asthma.
Moderate to severe heart block, heart failure, or an unusually slow heartbeat.
Shock caused by severe heart problems.
If on another beta blocker.
Burning sensation/stinging, blurred vision, hypotension and lowering of heart rate.
Renal Dose :
Dose in Renal Impairment GFR (mL/min)
| 20-50 | Dose as in normal renal function |
| 10-20 | Dose as in normal renal function. Start with lowest dose and titrate according to response |
| <10 | Dose as in normal renal function. Start with lowest dose and titrate according to response |
Dose in Patients undergoing Renal Replacement Therapies
| CAPD | Not dialysed. Dose as in GFR<10 mL/min |
| HD | Not dialysed. Dose as in GFR<10 mL/min |
| HDF/High flux | Unknown dialysability. Dose as in GFR<10 mL/min |
| CAV/VVHD | Unknown dialysability. Dose as in GFR=10–20 mL/min |
Hepatic Dose :
Dose adjustment may be required, as the drug is metabolized in the liver.