Drug Index

Diazepam

Mechanism :

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines presumably exert their effects by binding at stereo specific receptors at several sites within the central nervous system. All benzodiazepines cause a dose-related central nervous system depressant activity.


Indication :

  • Status epilepticus
  • Sedation (for procedures)
  • Muscle Spasms

Contraindications :

Respiratory depression, especially seen with coexistent respiratory disease or myasthenia gravis; There is potential for growing dependence, therefore only short-term use is recommended; Acute porphyria.


Dosing :

Sedative/Muscle Relaxant:
Under 6 years:
Not recommended.
Above 12 years:
0.12 mg/kg/day orally in 3-4 divided doses OR 0.04-0.2 mg/kg intravenous/intramuscular every 2-4 hours; Max: 0.6 mg/kg every 8 hours.
Status Epilepticus:
Per rectal:
2-6 years:
0.5 mg/kg, repeat after 4-12 hours as per requirement.
6-12 years:
0.3 mg/kg, repeat after 4-12 hours as per requirement.
Above 12 years:
0.2 mg/kg, repeat after 4-12 hours as per requirement.
Intravenous:
6 months-5 years:
0.2-0.5 mg intravenously, can be repeated every 2-5 minutes; Max: 5 mg. Can be repeated 2-4 hours later as per requirement.
Above 5 years:
1 mg slow intravenous infusion every 2-5 minutes; Max: 10 mg: can be repeated after 2-4 hours if needed.

Adverse Effect :

Drowsiness, fatigue, ataxia, venous thrombosis and phlebitis at the site of injection, confusion, depression, dysarthria, headache, hypoactivity, slurred speech, syncope, tremor, vertigo, bradycardia, cardiovascular collapse, hypotension, blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus, urticaria, skin rash, hiccups, changes in salivation, neutropenia, jaundice.


Interaction :

CNS depressants: Caution with other CNS depressants.



Renal Dose :

Dose in Renal Impairment GFR (mL/min)
20-50Dose as in normal renal function
10-20Use small doses and titrate to response
<10Use small doses and titrate to response

Dose in Patients undergoing Renal Replacement Therapies
CAPDNot dialysed. Dose as in GFR<10 mL/min
HDNot dialysed. Dose as in GFR<10 mL/min
HDF/High fluxUnknown dialysability. Dose as in GFR<10 mL/min
CAV/VVHDNot dialysed. Dose as in GFR=10– 20 mL/min

Hepatic Dose :

Use with caution. Adjust dose as per clinical response.
07/06/2024 01:52:52 Diazepam
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